Accounting questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting questions - Essay Example In Pakistan, the rules and regulations applying to published financial statements under Companies’ Ordinance 1984 include, release of quarterly financial statements by management after review of the same by an external audit firm (Ashraf & Ghani, 2005). Financial reporting in Pakistan takes formats in accordance with the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). Other statutory requirements under the SECP include usefulness of statements to users by being understandable, relevant, faithfully represented, prudent, complete, neutral, and within the proper period. The change I would suggest to these regulations would include recognition of materiality and aggregation in presenting similar class items separately in the financial statements. This principle acknowledges substance over form and is closely linked to faithful representation of financial reports. This change would ensure that the auditors recognize the presentation of prepaid cards as revenue in accordance with their substance, which reflects economic reality. I tend to agree with the numerous accusations leveled against the auditors by the company’s management. First, the auditors had suddenly changed their view on recognition of prepaid cards as revenue for the financial period based on sale and not usage. The auditors had given a clean report of their audit, and still went ahead to suggest a different revenue recognition policy. The issue with meeting time deadlines by the auditors also violated SECP regulations on timely presentation of financial reports (Ibrahim, 2006). Regulations governing the corporate sector stipulate that the auditors should be free of any conflict of interest to give an unbiased and very independent opinion (Ibrahim, 2006). The replacement of auditors under SECP directives mandates the commission to appoint new auditors, which is a way of enhancing

Importance of Being an Involved Parent Essay Example for Free

Importance of Being an Involved Parent Essay During the past twenty years, an increasing number of researchers and clinicians have begun to give more recognition to the importance of being an involved parent for individual and family development. The relations between being an involved parent and later adaptation are undoubtedly complex. Involvement theory says that, despite change in development, early parent involvement remains influential in later child functioning. Research found the permanent impact of early attachment (Richters and Walters, 1991). Researchers found the evidence that involved parent have consequences for social development across the life span. This research paper considers longer-term implications of involved parent for the continuing development of child. Involved parent is a good start toward healthy development. Research shifts the focus from the examination of parent-child interaction to the image of the parent-child relationship in the childs mind (Main, Kaplan, Cassidy, 1985). There is proper evidence that involved parent is not only connected to greater compliance and reciprocity (Richters Walters, 1991) but also to better peer relations, self-mastery, and sociability in the preschool years (Greenberg Speltz, 1990). The specific claims of parent involvement theory suggest the childs developing sense of self-confidence, effectiveness and self-worth, and aspects of intimate personal relationship (the capacity to be emotionally close, to want and receive care, and to give care to others). Thus, children with parent involvement histories have been found to be more positive, more responsive and less hostile with peers, and more cooperative with parents and so forth. Although the mother is usually the first attachment figure for the baby, many infants react just as much to their father, cooing and smiling and becoming excited at his approach. Some infants become attached primarily to their fathers and thrive at least as well in their development as do infants with initial maternal attachments. Moreover, fathers who are supportive of mothers and are themselves involved parents make it more likely that the infant will develop a secure maternal attachment as well as a secure paternal attachment. By their second year most infants who are well fathered show approximately equal attachment to both parents. It is important to note that attachment is not an all-or-none phenomenon. The style of the attachment and the details of the relationship vary with each parent and infant. Researchers have presented evidence that even newborns are capable of responding differentially toward their mother and father (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters Wall 1995). The infant can become attached to any individual who is a consistent source of stimulation, attention and comfort, not just to the mother. If both parents are involved, an infant can develop a strong attachment to each of them. Despite such research findings, traditional conceptions of maternal primacy are difficult to change. Involved parents tend to make even mundane activities like holding an infant or pushing a baby stroller. The pace and tempo of such activities tends to be faster and more varied for fathers than for mothers. Involved fathers are more likely to stimulate the infant to explore and to investigate new objects whereas mothers tend to engage their infants in relatively predictable activities. Infants who develop positive relationships with both their parents are likely to feel secure in exploring their environment in a relaxed manner and to enjoy being picked up by others (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters Wall 1995). In contrast, among insecure infants some may anxiously cling to their mothers while others seem to ignore them and to avoid eye contact. The quality of parenting that the infant receives certainly has important implications, but other factors including temperamental predispositions also play a major role in the social responsiveness of children to adults inside and outside of the family. Infants are not passive creatures just waiting to be fed or to have their diapers changed. They are active and striving, gradually increasing their self-motivated competence. Infants have a built-in motivation to explore and influence their environment. During the first month or so, the infant seems to be using many prewired responses. The infant has the capacity for orientation with respect to various stimuli including light and sound. Moreover, researchers have found that even the newborn is capable of some basic patterns of social reciprocity and is usually showing variations in responsivity toward different people. Despite marked individual variations, newborns are clearly social beings who can actively learn from their experiences of interacting with their fathers as well as their mothers (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters Wall 1995). Psychologist Frank Pedersen and his colleagues found that several measures of infant competence were correlated with the degree to which five- and sixmonth-old babies were involved with their fathers (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters Wall 1995). Frequent interaction with fathers was associated with more advanced functioning for sons. Although girls did not seem to be influenced by family structure, father-absent infant boys were also less cognitively competent than boys from father-present homes. Fatherpresent infant boys demonstrated more social responsiveness and novelty-seeking behavior than those who were father-absent. Having found no differences in the behaviors of married and husbandless mothers, the researchers attributed variations in the infant boys behavior to the type of interaction they had with their fathers. Data collected by psychologist Jay Belsky (1987) indicates that both maternal and paternal involvement is important factor in the development of exploratory functions. The most competent infants had fathers who participated in their physical care, expressed high levels of verbal responsiveness and affection and initiated vigorous motion play with them. Belsky stressed similarities as well as differences in the paternal and maternal factors that influenced infant behavior. In their efforts to encourage infant competence, mothers are generally more concerned with verbal-intellectual teaching, whereas fathers are more oriented toward active, arousing play and fostering autonomy and independence (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters Wall 1995). Research by pediatrician Michael Yogman (1984) and his colleagues supports the facilitative effect that active father participation may have on the developmental competence of infants. Yogman reported a significant relationship between a combined measure of father involvement during the prenatal and postnatal periods and the infants developmental functioning at nine months. In addition, he described a collaborative study done in Ireland that revealed a positive correlation between level of early father involvement and the cognitive maturity of year old infants.

Career Biography of Jack Welch Essay -- General Electric Business Mana

Career Biography of Jack Welch Management guru Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, has been instrumental in forming today’s top business management leaders by imparting effective knowledge in leadership management; he is widely credited with transforming GE into a multibillion-dollar conglomerate. I. Jack Welch – Who is the man? A. Biography – 1.Born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1935. a. Growing up – The family lived in one of the poorer neighborhoods of Salem, Massachusetts. Welch has said that his mother was the most important influence on him, cheering him on in sports and academics, and always encouraging him to strive for more b. Schooling – Welch continued to pursue his education at the University of Illinois, with M.S. and PhD degrees in chemical engineering. B. Moving up the Corporate latter in GE II. Leadership Style of Jack Welch A. Strategy – â€Å"Fix it, Sell it, or close it† Jack Welch fired more then 100,000 people (almost one in four). Neutron Jack devised the "vitality curve" where the bottom 10 per cent of employees were challenged to improve or leave. B. Took General Electric from $13 billion in 1981 to more than $300 billion when he left in 2001. Ran GE like a corner shop – keeping an eye on profits, cash flow, and people III. What is he doing now? A. After his retirement in 2001 served as corporate consultant to a group of Fortune 500 companies, all in different industries B. Wrote New York Times best seller â€Å"Straight from the Gut† published in Sept. 2001 Has a new book coming out in 2005 entitled â€Å"Winning† a how-to book with Suzy Wetlaufer, former Harvard Business Review editor and Welch's fiancà ©e. Management Guru Jack Welch - Inspirational Visionary Jack Welch is one of America’s best known and most highly respected corporate CEO’s of all time. Vadim Kotelnikov’s website Leadership and New Management Secrets discusses how Jack Welch’s vision to restructure General Electric to a â€Å"unique learning culture and boundaryless [sic] organization† has help make GE one of the fastest capital growing companies. In the 1980's he was said to be â€Å"the biggest S.O.B.,† but today his management techniques are now credited with empowering the employee (â€Å"Jack Welch Gurus†). Management guru Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, has been instrumental ... ..., â€Å"A How-To Book for the Can-Do Boss,† Business Week, June 2002, 13 Dess, Gregory G., et al. â€Å"The New Corporate Architecture.† vol. 9, The Academy of Management Executive, August 1995, 7 â€Å"Jack Welch The Gurus Boiled Down.† The Times (London, England), September 2004, 9 Kotelnikov, Vadim. Leadership and New Management Secrets. 2004b. Ten3 Business e-coach. 24 November 2004. Rather, Dan, â€Å"GE’s Jack Welch Under Fire,† CBS Evening News Transcript, 1998, 2 Rosenstein, Bruce â€Å"How GE Chief Welch Rallies GE’s Troops,† USA Today, September 1998,15b. Tribune Business News. â€Å"In Boston, former GE chief Jack Welch works on new book with new wife.† The Boston Globe Oct 3, 2004, pITEM04277007 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?RQT=309&VInst=PROD&VName=PQD&VType=PQD&sid =2&index=5&SrchMode=1&Fmt=3&did=000000706042601&clientId=12441 Welch, John, â€Å"John Welch, Jr.,† Narrative Biographies, American Decades, CD- Rom, Gale Research, 1998, 302 Welch, Jack. Interview with Geoff Colvin. Maryland Public Television and Fortune Trademark of Time, INC. Sept. 13, 2002. 24 Nov 2004. . VBM, â€Å"Thought Leader: Jack Welch,† Value Based Management.Net 2004, Last update 21-11-04 Career Biography of Jack Welch Essay -- General Electric Business Mana Career Biography of Jack Welch Management guru Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, has been instrumental in forming today’s top business management leaders by imparting effective knowledge in leadership management; he is widely credited with transforming GE into a multibillion-dollar conglomerate. I. Jack Welch – Who is the man? A. Biography – 1.Born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1935. a. Growing up – The family lived in one of the poorer neighborhoods of Salem, Massachusetts. Welch has said that his mother was the most important influence on him, cheering him on in sports and academics, and always encouraging him to strive for more b. Schooling – Welch continued to pursue his education at the University of Illinois, with M.S. and PhD degrees in chemical engineering. B. Moving up the Corporate latter in GE II. Leadership Style of Jack Welch A. Strategy – â€Å"Fix it, Sell it, or close it† Jack Welch fired more then 100,000 people (almost one in four). Neutron Jack devised the "vitality curve" where the bottom 10 per cent of employees were challenged to improve or leave. B. Took General Electric from $13 billion in 1981 to more than $300 billion when he left in 2001. Ran GE like a corner shop – keeping an eye on profits, cash flow, and people III. What is he doing now? A. After his retirement in 2001 served as corporate consultant to a group of Fortune 500 companies, all in different industries B. Wrote New York Times best seller â€Å"Straight from the Gut† published in Sept. 2001 Has a new book coming out in 2005 entitled â€Å"Winning† a how-to book with Suzy Wetlaufer, former Harvard Business Review editor and Welch's fiancà ©e. Management Guru Jack Welch - Inspirational Visionary Jack Welch is one of America’s best known and most highly respected corporate CEO’s of all time. Vadim Kotelnikov’s website Leadership and New Management Secrets discusses how Jack Welch’s vision to restructure General Electric to a â€Å"unique learning culture and boundaryless [sic] organization† has help make GE one of the fastest capital growing companies. In the 1980's he was said to be â€Å"the biggest S.O.B.,† but today his management techniques are now credited with empowering the employee (â€Å"Jack Welch Gurus†). Management guru Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, has been instrumental ... ..., â€Å"A How-To Book for the Can-Do Boss,† Business Week, June 2002, 13 Dess, Gregory G., et al. â€Å"The New Corporate Architecture.† vol. 9, The Academy of Management Executive, August 1995, 7 â€Å"Jack Welch The Gurus Boiled Down.† The Times (London, England), September 2004, 9 Kotelnikov, Vadim. Leadership and New Management Secrets. 2004b. Ten3 Business e-coach. 24 November 2004. Rather, Dan, â€Å"GE’s Jack Welch Under Fire,† CBS Evening News Transcript, 1998, 2 Rosenstein, Bruce â€Å"How GE Chief Welch Rallies GE’s Troops,† USA Today, September 1998,15b. Tribune Business News. â€Å"In Boston, former GE chief Jack Welch works on new book with new wife.† The Boston Globe Oct 3, 2004, pITEM04277007 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?RQT=309&VInst=PROD&VName=PQD&VType=PQD&sid =2&index=5&SrchMode=1&Fmt=3&did=000000706042601&clientId=12441 Welch, John, â€Å"John Welch, Jr.,† Narrative Biographies, American Decades, CD- Rom, Gale Research, 1998, 302 Welch, Jack. Interview with Geoff Colvin. Maryland Public Television and Fortune Trademark of Time, INC. Sept. 13, 2002. 24 Nov 2004. . VBM, â€Å"Thought Leader: Jack Welch,† Value Based Management.Net 2004, Last update 21-11-04

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Six

When he opened his door and saw Elena, James's face crumpled, just for a fraction of a second, and he stepped backward, as if he was considering closing the door in her face. Then he seemed to think better of it, and he opened it wider, his face creasing into its familiar smile. â€Å"Why, Elena,† he said, â€Å"My dear, I hardly expected a visitor at this hour. I'm afraid this isn't the best time.† He cleared his throat. â€Å"I'd be delighted to see you at school, during office hours. Mondays and Fridays, remember? Now, if you'l excuse me.† And, stil smiling gently, he shuffled forward and did try to close the door in her face. But Elena swung her hand up and stopped him. â€Å"Wait,† she said. â€Å"James, I know you didn't want to talk to me about the pins, but it's important. I need to find out more about the Vitale Society.† His bright black eyes glanced toward her and away, as if embarrassed. â€Å"Yes, Well,† he said, â€Å"the problem is of course that unchaperoned solo visits from a student – any student, you understand, my dear, no reflection on you personal y – to a professor's home are, er, frowned upon. The wicked world we live in, you know,† and, with a soft chuckle, he pushed firmly against the door. â€Å"There are times and places.† Elena pushed back. â€Å"I don't believe for a minute that you're trying to make me go away because my visit is inappropriate,† she said flatly. â€Å"You can't get rid of me that easily. People are in danger, James. â€Å"I know you and my parents were part of the Vitale Society,† Elena continued doggedly. â€Å"I need you to tel me whatever it is that you've been hiding about those days. I think the Vitale is tied to the murders and disappearances on campus, and we have to stop it. You're my only lead at this point, James.† He hesitated, his eyes watering with emotion, and Elena fixed him with her gaze. â€Å"More people are going to die,† she said harshly, â€Å"but you might be able to save them. Wil you?† James visibly wavered and then seemed to give in al at once, his shoulders dropping. â€Å"I don't know if anything I can tel you wil help. I don't know anything about the murders. But you'd better come in,† he said, and led the way down the hal and through his house. The kitchen was shining clean, with spotless white surfaces. Copper pots, woven baskets, and cheery red dishcloths and towels hung from hooks and were arranged on top of cupboards. Framed prints of fruits and vegetables hung on the wal s at intervals. James sat her down at the table, then busied himself with making her a cup of tea. Elena waited patiently until he final y settled across from her, with cups of tea in front of them both. â€Å"Milk?† he asked fussily, handing her the jug, without meeting her eyes. â€Å"Sugar?† â€Å"Thank you,† Elena said. Then she leaned across the table and placed her hand on his, keeping it there until he raised his eyes to look at her. â€Å"Tel me,† she said simply. â€Å"I don't know anything about the murders,† James said again. â€Å"Believe me, I wouldn't have kept this secret if I thought anyone was in danger from it.† Elena nodded. â€Å"I know you wouldn't,† she said. â€Å"Even if there isn't a connection, if the secret is about my parents, I deserve to know,† she told him. James sighed, a long breathy sound. â€Å"This was al a long time ago, you understand,† he said. â€Å"We were young and a bit naive. The Vitale Society was a force for good, back then. We worshipped natural spirits and drew our energy from the sacred Earth. We were a positive force in the community, interested principal y in love and peace and creativity. We served others. I hear that the Vitale Society has changed since those days, that darker elements have taken it over. But I don't know much about them now. I haven't been involved with the Vitale for years, not since the events I am about to recount to you.† Elena sipped her tea and waited. James's eyes flew to her face, almost shyly, then fixed back on the table. â€Å"One day,† he said slowly, â€Å"a strange man came to one of our secret meetings. He was – † James closed his eyes and shivered. â€Å"I had never seen a being of such pure power, or one who radiated such a feeling of peace and love. We, al of us, had no doubt that we were in the presence of an angel. He cal ed himself a Guardian.† Involuntarily, Elena sucked a breath through her teeth, hissing. James's eyes snapped open, and he gave her a long look. â€Å"You know them?† At her nod, he shrugged a little. â€Å"Well, you can imagine how he affected us.† â€Å"What did the Guardian want?† Elena asked, her stomach dropping. She had met Guardians, and she hadn't liked them. It was Guardians who had, coldly and efficiently, refused to bring Damon back to life when he had died in the Dark Dimension. And it was Guardians who had caused the car accident that kil ed her parents in an attempt to kil Elena so that they could recruit her to their ranks. Al the Guardians she'd met were female, though; she hadn't even known there were male Guardians as Well. Elena knew that, lovely as the Guardians appeared to be, they were not angels, were not on the side of Good or, for that matter, the side of Evil. They just believed in Order. They could be very dangerous. James looked at her briefly, then fiddled with the tea cup and napkin in front of him. â€Å"Would you like a scone?† he asked. She shook her head and stared at him, and he sighed again. â€Å"You have to understand that your parents were very young. Idealistic.† Elena had the sinking feeling that she was going to find out something deeply unpleasant. â€Å"Go on,† she said. Instead of continuing, though, James folded his napkin into tiny, precise squares, smal er and smal er, until Elena cleared her throat. Then he began again. â€Å"The Guardian told us that there was a need for a new kind of Guardian. One who would be a mortal, on Earth, and who would possess special powers that she would need to maintain the balance between good and evil supernatural forces on Earth. Over the course of his visit, Elizabeth and Thomas, who were young and bril iant and good and deeply in love, and who had bright futures ahead of them, were chosen to be the parents of this mortal Guardian.† He let the napkin unfold itself in his hands and looked at Elena meaningful y. It took her a moment to catch on. â€Å"Me? Are you kidding? I'm not – † She shut her mouth. â€Å"I have enough problems,† she said flatly. She paused as something he said sank in. â€Å"Wait, why do you think my parents were being naive?† she asked sharply. â€Å"What did they do?† James drank a swal ow of tea. â€Å"Frankly, I think I need a little something in this before I continue,† he said. â€Å"I've kept this secret for a long time, and I stil have to tel you the worst part.† He got up and rummaged around in one of the cupboards, eventual y pul ing out a smal bottle ful of amber liquid. He held it out to Elena questioningly, but she shook her head. She was pretty certain she would need her head clear for the rest of this conversation. He poured a generous amount into his own cup. â€Å"So,† he said, sitting down again. Elena could tel that he was stil anxious, but also that he was beginning to enjoy tel ing the story. He was a natural gossip – the way he taught history was as gossip about the past – and this was even more familiar for him, because it was gossip about Elena's parents, people they both had known. â€Å"Thomas and Elizabeth were both terrifical y flattered, of course.† â€Å"And†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena prompted. James laced his fingers across his stomach and watched her, his eyes shadowed. â€Å"They agreed that, when the child was twelve years old, they would give her up. The Guardians would take her away, and they would never see her again.† Elena was suddenly very cold. Her parents had raised her intending to give her away? She felt like al her childhood memories were shattering. In an instant, James was at her side. â€Å"Breathe,† he said gently. Gasping, Elena shut her eyes and concentrated on inhaling and exhaling deep breaths. That her parents, her beloved parents, had taken her on as some kind of temporary project, was devastating. She had never doubted their love until now. She had to know the whole truth. â€Å"Go on.† â€Å"Honestly, that was the end of my friendship with your parents, and the end of my involvement with the Vitale Society,† James said, taking another long drink of his whiskey-laced tea. â€Å"I couldn't believe that no one else in the Society saw the problem with raising a child to the cusp of adolescence and then giving her up forever, and I couldn't believe that your parents – who I knew to be loving, intel igent people – would agree to such a plan. We graduated and went our separate ways, and I didn't hear from your parents again for more than twelve years.† â€Å"You heard from them then?† Elena asked quietly. â€Å"Your father cal ed me. The Guardians had contacted them, ready to take you away. But Thomas and Elizabeth wouldn't let you go.† James smiled sadly. â€Å"They loved you too much. They didn't think you were ready to leave home – you were only a child. They realized that they had agreed too quickly to the Guardians' plan, that they didn't real y know what was in store for you, and that they couldn't let their daughter go without knowing for certain that it was the best thing for her. So Thomas asked for my help protecting you. They knew I had dabbled in sorcery when I was in col ege† – he waved his hand modestly when Elena looked up at him – â€Å"only smal magics, and I had mostly given them up by then. But he and Elizabeth were desperate. So I gathered what knowledge I could, intending to help them.† He paused, and a gloom settled over his face. â€Å"Unfortunately, I was too late. A few days after our conversation, before I even set out for Fel ‘s Church, your parents were both kil ed in a car accident. I checked up on you over the years, but it didn't seem like the Guardians had gotten their hands on you. And now, here you are. I don't think it's a coincidence.† â€Å"The Guardians kil ed my parents,† Elena said dul y. â€Å"I knew it, but I didn't know†¦ I thought it was an accident.† She was struggling to wrap her mind around the secrets of her childhood. At least in the end her parents hadn't been able to give her away. They had loved her, as she had thought. â€Å"They tend to get what they want,† James said. â€Å"Why didn't they take me then?† Elena asked. James shook his head. â€Å"I don't know. But I think there's a reason you're at Dalcrest now, where it began for you and for your parents. I think that some kind of task wil arise here, and you'l come into your Powers.† â€Å"A task?† Elena asked. â€Å"But I had Powers once, and the Guardians took them away.† They had mercilessly stripped her of her Wings and al her abilities. Were they going to return them when the time was right? James sighed and shrugged helplessly. â€Å"Plans sometimes have curious ways of presenting themselves, even those that are fated from the start,† he said. â€Å"Maybe these disappearances are the first sign of it. I don't know, though. As I told the class, Dalcrest is the hub of a lot of paranormal activity. I tend to think that, when your task presents itself, you'l know.† â€Å"But I'm not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena gulped. â€Å"I don't understand what this al means. I just want to be a normal girl. I thought I could now. Here.† James reached across the table and patted her hand, his eyes deep Wells of sympathy. â€Å"I'm so sorry, my dear,† he said. â€Å"I didn't want to be the one to burden you with this. But I wil give you any help I can. Thomas and Elizabeth would have wanted that.† Elena felt like she couldn't breathe. She had to get out of this cozy kitchen, away from James's avid, concerned eyes. â€Å"Thank you,† she said, hurriedly pushing her chair away from the table and getting up. â€Å"I have to go now, though. I do appreciate your tel ing me al this, but I need to think.† He fussed around her al the way to the front door, clearly unsure of whether to let her go, and Elena was almost ready to scream by the time she reached the porch. â€Å"Thank you,† she said again. â€Å"Good-bye.† She walked quickly away without looking back, her shoes clacking against the cement of the sidewalk. When she was out of sight of James's house, Damon slipped from the shadows to join her. Elena held her head high, blinking away the tears that had pooled in her eyes. For now, this secret would be hers.

Reproductive System

Divisions of pituitary glands, hormones secreted by each Anterior Pituitary (dehydrogenation's) GHZ-Growth Hormone Protraction CATCH-Terminologically hormone FISH-Follicle-stimulating hormone LO-Eluting hormone Posterior Pituitary (neurophysiology) DAD-Antipathetic hormone Extinction Structures of Male & Female Reproductive Organs Males: Vass Deferent urethra Penis Glands Penis Prepuce (foreskin) Seminal Vesicle Ejaculatory duct Prostate Gland Polyurethane Gland Epidermis Testis Scrotum Female: Ovary uterusEndometrial Anemometry Promethium (Pentium) Cervix Vagina Fallopian Tube Production of Sperm 1 . Testes 2. Epidermis 3. Vass deferent 4. Seminal Vesicle 5. Prostate gland 7. Urethra 8. Penis 9. Chromosome, #, gender determination 10. Zygote: 46 chromosomes (23 from egg, 23 from sperm) 11. Gender is determined at conception by the sperm (x) 12. Congenital vs†¦ Hereditary Disease Congenital Disease: conditions are present at the time of birth Hereditary Disease: genetically tran smitted 13. Mechanism of the Birth Control Pill 14. Is a pharmacological agent that contains estrogen & progesterone.As the load levels of estrogen & progesterone increase, negative feedback inhibits the secretion of FISH by the anterior pituitary. This process prevents ovulation, no egg means no baby. 15. Endocrine Glands & Hormones secreted by each 16. Each gland are ductless glands, they secrete hormones directly into the blood and not into ducts Pituitary Glands-GHZ, Protraction, CATCH, FISH, LO, TTS, DAD, extinction Hypothalamus-releases a releasing hormone Pineal Gland-melatonin Thyroid -collocation, Thyroxin (TO), Trinitrotoluene (TO) Parathyroid-parathyroid hormone Thymus-thymine Adrenals-epinephrine, morphogenesis, lodestone, corticalOvaries-estrogen & progesterone Pancreas-insulin & clangor Testes-Testosterone 17. Fertilization-gestation steps 18. The fertilized egg is called a zygote, zygote is the first cell off new individual. The zygote begins to divide, forming a clus ter of cells, that slowly makes its way thru the fallopian tube towards uterus. 19. Hyper & Hypoglycemia, symptoms Hyperglycemia: Excessive thirst Fruity odor in breath Excretion of large volume of urine Excessive eating Hypoglycemia: Fainting Weakness 20. 1. 24. 25. 26. 27. Uterine Cycle Loss of a part of the endometrial lining & blood The Proliferation Phase: The inner lining thickens & becomes vascular, primarily in response to estrogen The Secretors Phase: The endometrial lining is becoming lush & moist from increased secretors activity, the secretors phase is dominated by progesterone 28. Ovarian Cycle: 29. Phases: follicular phase & ululate phase The ululate phase of the ovarian cycle begins immediately after ovulation & is dominated by the secretion of progesterone by the corpus lutetium In the nonappearance state the corpus lutetium deteriorates In the pregnant state the corpus lutetium stays alive because of human chronic intimidation (hug) During follicle phase the ovarian follicle mature & secretes estrogen 30. Cushing syndrome 31 . Hyperactive adrenal; deterioration Moon face Buffalo Facial hair Easily bruises 32.Grave's Disease 33. Hyperthyroidism; characterized by an increase in heart rate, increase in peristalsis resulting in diarrhea, elevation in body temperature, hyperactivity, weight loss & wide emotional mood swings 34. Insulin & Cellophane Fax Insulin: Secreted by beta cells of the islets of Lanterns; helps regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, & fats; lowers blood glucose levels Cellophane: Secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Lanterns; raises blood glucose levels 35.Vermin & Langue Vermin Cases: The skin is covered by a white, cheese-like substance. Thought to protect the delicate fetal skin from the amniotic fluid. Langue: When the fetus grows, its skin becomes covered by a fine downy hair 36. 37. 39. 40. Gestational Stages (pregnancy) 41. The time of prenatal developmental: Normal gestation period lasts 38 weeks o r about 9 moss. Divided into trimesters: 1st semesters: months 2nd trimester: months 4,5,6 3rd trimesters: months,8,9 42. Iatrogenic Agents Drugs Alcohol Radiation Thalidomide

Biography of Harry S. Truman, 33rd U.S. President

Biography of Harry S. Truman, 33rd U.S. President Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884–December 26, 1972) became the 33rd president of the United States following the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945. Not well known when he took office, Truman gained respect for his role in the development of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan and for his leadership during the Berlin Airlift and the Korean War. He defended his controversial decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan as a necessity to end World War II. Fast Facts: Harry S. Truman Known For: 33rd president of the United StatesBorn: May 8, 1884 in Lamar, MissouriParents: John Truman, Martha YoungDied: Dec. 26, 1972 in Kansas City, MissouriPublished Works: Year of Decisions, Years of Trial and Hope (memoirs)Spouse: Elizabeth â€Å"Bess† TrumanChildren: Margaret Truman DanielNotable Quote: An honest public servant cant become rich in politics. He can only attain greatness and satisfaction by service. Early Life Truman was born on May 8, 1884, in Lamar, Missouri to John Truman and Martha Young Truman. His middle name, simply the letter S, was a compromise made between his parents, who couldnt agree upon which grandfathers name to use. John Truman worked as a mule trader and later a farmer, frequently moving the family between small Missouri towns before settling in Independence when Truman was 6. It soon became apparent that young Harry needed glasses. Banned from sports and other activities that might break his glasses, he became a voracious reader. Hard Work After graduating from high school in 1901, Truman worked as a timekeeper for the railroad and later as a bank clerk. He had always hoped to go to college, but his family couldnt afford tuition. More disappointment came when Truman learned that he was ineligible for a scholarship to West Point because of his eyesight. When his father needed help on the family farm, Truman quit his job and returned home. He worked on the farm from 1906 to 1917. Long Courtship Moving back home had one benefit: proximity to childhood acquaintance Bess Wallace. Truman had first met Bess at age 6 and had been smitten from the start. Bess came from one of the wealthiest families in Independence and Truman, the son of a farmer, had never dared pursue her. After a chance encounter in Independence, Truman and Bess began a courtship that lasted nine years. She finally accepted Trumans proposal in 1917, but before they could make wedding plans, World War I intervened. Truman enlisted in the Army, entering as a first lieutenant. Shaped by War Truman arrived in France in April 1918. He had a talent for leadership and was soon promoted to captain. Placed in charge of a group of rowdy artillery soldiers, Truman made it clear to them that he wouldnt tolerate misbehavior. That firm, no-nonsense approach would become the trademark style of his presidency. The soldiers came to respect their tough commander, who steered them through the war without the loss of a single man. Truman returned to the U.S. in April 1919 and married Bess in June. Makes a Living Truman and his new wife moved into her mothers large home in Independence. Mrs. Wallace, who never approved of her daughters marriage to a farmer, would live with the couple until her death 33 years later. Never fond of farming himself, Truman was determined to become a businessman. He opened a mens clothing store in nearby Kansas City with an Army buddy. The business was successful at first but failed after only three years. At 38, Truman had succeeded at few endeavors aside from his wartime service. Eager to find something he was good at, he looked to politics. Enters Politics Truman successfully ran for Jackson County judge in 1922 and became well known for his honesty and strong work ethic on this administrative (not judicial) court. During his term, he became a father in 1924 when daughter Mary Margaret was born. He was defeated in his try for re-election but ran again two years later and won. When his last term expired in 1934, Truman was courted by the Missouri Democratic Party to run for the U.S. Senate. He rose to the challenge, campaigning tirelessly across the state. Despite poor public speaking skills, he impressed voters with his folksy style and record as a soldier and judge, soundly defeating the Republican candidate. Sen. Truman Becomes President Truman Working in the Senate was the job Truman had waited for his entire life. He took a leading role in investigating wasteful spending by the War Department, earning the respect of fellow senators and impressing President Roosevelt. He was re-elected in 1940. As the 1944 election drew near, Democratic leaders sought a replacement for Vice President Henry Wallace. Roosevelt himself requested Truman. FDR then won his fourth term with Truman on the ticket. In poor health and suffering from exhaustion, Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945, only three months into his last term, making Truman president of the United States. Thrust into the limelight, Truman faced some of the greatest challenges encountered by any 20th-century president. World War II was drawing to a close in Europe, but the war in the Pacific was far from over. Atomic Bomb Truman learned in July 1945 that scientists working for the U.S. government had tested an atomic bomb in New Mexico. After much deliberation, Truman decided that the only way to end the war in the Pacific would be to drop the bomb on Japan. Truman issued a warning to the Japanese demanding their surrender, but those demands werent met. Two bombs were dropped, the first on Hiroshima on Aug. 6, 1945, and the second three days later on Nagasaki. In the face of such utter destruction, the Japanese surrendered. Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan As European countries struggled financially following WWII, Truman recognized their need for economic and military aid. He knew that a weakened country would be more vulnerable to the threat of communism, so he pledged to support nations facing such a threat. Trumans plan was called the Truman Doctrine. Trumans secretary of state, former Gen. George C. Marshall, believed that the struggling nations could survive only if the U.S. supplied the resources needed to return them to self-sufficiency. The Marshall Plan, passed by Congress in 1948, provided the materials needed to rebuild factories, homes, and farms. Berlin Blockade and Re-Election in 1948 In the summer of 1948, the Soviet Union set up a blockade to keep supplies from entering West Berlin, the capital of democratic West Germany but located in Communist East Germany. The blockade of truck, train, and boat traffic was intended to force Berlin into dependence upon the communist regime. Truman stood firm against the Soviets, ordering that supplies be delivered by air. The Berlin Airlift continued for nearly a year, until the Soviets finally abandoned the blockade. In the meantime, despite a poor showing in opinion polls, Truman was re-elected, surprising many by defeating popular Republican Thomas Dewey. Korean Conflict When Communist North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950, Truman weighed his decision carefully. Korea was a small country, but Truman feared that communists, left unchecked, would invade other countries. Within days, Truman had gained approval for U.N. troops to be ordered to the area. The Korean War began and it lasted until 1953, after Truman left office. The threat had been contained, but North Korea remained under communist control. Back to Independence Truman chose not to run for re-election in 1952, and he and Bess returned to their home in Independence in 1953. Truman enjoyed the return to private life and busied himself with writing his memoirs and planning his presidential library. He died at the age of 88 on Dec. 26, 1972. Legacy When Truman left office in 1953, the lengthy stalemate between North and South Korea had left him one of the most unpopular presidents in history. But that sentiment gradually changed over time as historians began to reassess his terms in office, crediting him with keeping South Korea independent from the communist neighbor to the north. He began to be respected as a folksy straight shooter and the ultimate common man for his leadership in troubled times and his willingness to take responsibility, exemplified by the plaque on his presidential desk that read â€Å"The Buck Stops Here!† Sources Harry S. Truman: President of the United States. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Harry S Truman: 1945-1953. The White House Historical Association.

Red Flag Laws Definition

Red Flag Laws Definition Red flag laws are gun violence prevention laws that allow courts to order the temporary confiscation of firearms from persons deemed to pose a risk to others or themselves. Key Takeaways: Red Flag Laws Red flag laws are state gun violence prevention laws which allow police to confiscate firearms from persons deemed by a court to pose a risk to others or themselves.As of August 2019, 17 states and the District of Columbia had enacted red flag laws.After deadly mass shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, President Trump and a bipartisan group of Congress members have indicated their support for red flag laws. Along with gun control proposals, such as universal gun-buyer background checks, raised in the aftermath of shootings like those in Sandy Hook, Parkland, El Paso, and Dayton, demands to enact â€Å"red flag† laws have become common. As of August 2019, 17 states and the District of Columbia had enacted red flag laws. Red Flag Law Definition and Mechanics Red flag laws permit police or family members to ask a state court to order the temporary removal of all firearms from persons believed to present a danger to others or themselves. In deciding to issue such orders, known variously as Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs) or Gun Violence Restraining Orders (GVROs), the courts consider the past actions and statements- including those posted on social media outlets- made by the gun owner in question. If the court decides to issue the order, the gun owner must surrender all firearms to the police for a specified period of time. In addition, the person named in the order is banned from buying or selling guns during that period. Refusing to fully comply with a red flag protective order is a criminal offense. Guns seized under the order are returned to the owner after a set period of time unless that period is extended by the court. Examples of evidence required by the courts to justify granting gun confiscation orders include: A recent act or threat of violence (involving a firearm or not)Evidence of serious mental illnessHistory of domestic violenceReckless use of a firearmEvidence of substance abuse or alcoholismSworn testimony by witnesses The specific legal provisions of red flag laws and how they are enforced vary from state to state. Are Red Flag Laws Effective? Connecticut was one of the first states to enact a red flag law in 1999. According to a 2016 study published in the journal of Law and Contemporary Problems, the 762 gun removals under Connecticuts â€Å"risk warrant† law from October 1999 through June 2013 resulted in one suicide prevented for every ten to eleven gun seizures executed. The study concluded that â€Å"enacting and implementing laws like Connecticut’s civil risk warrant statute in other states could significantly mitigate the risk posed by that small proportion of legal gun owners who, at times, may pose a significant danger to themselves or others.† Are Red Flag Laws Constitutional? Many gun-rights advocates say that red flag laws infringe on gun owners’ Second Amendment right to â€Å"keep and bear arms,† as well as their right to due process of law as provided by the U.S. Constitution. Guns, they argue, are personal property, and both the Fifth and 14th Amendments specifically provide that the government- including the courts and police- may not deprive citizens of property without due process of law. The argument is based on the fact that the court hearings held to decide if an individual poses a threat are held ex parte, meaning that the person whose guns might be temporarily confiscated is not present at the hearing. This, critics say, violates the Sixth Amendment’s guarantee of the right of accused persons to a face-to-face confrontation with witnesses against them.   However, hearings on all types of restraining and protective orders are typically held ex parte out of concern for the safety of the complainant and witnesses.   Red Flag Law Debate A Washington Post-ABC News poll conducted in April 2018 found that 85% of registered voters nationwide support laws that would â€Å"allow the police to take guns away from people who have been found by a judge to be a danger to themselves or others.† States with red flag laws have reported similar levels of public support for the legislation. In March 2018, the National Rifle Association (NRA), which had helped defeat red flag legislation in Utah and Maryland, suggested it might be open to such laws under a strict set of conditions, including a court finding by â€Å"clear and convincing evidence that the person in question poses a significant risk of danger. Despite this statement, the NRA went on to help block red flag legislation in Arizona in 2019. In Congress, virtually all Democrats and a few Republicans are receptive to red flag laws. The day after the mass shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, killed 31 people, President Donald Trump urged states to implement red flag laws to remove guns from â€Å"those judged to pose a grave risk to public safety.† In televised remarks from the White House on August 5, 2019, Trump stated, â€Å"We must make sure that those judged to pose a grave risk to public safety do not have access to firearms and that if they do, those firearms can be taken through rapid due process.† States With Red Flag Laws As of August 2019, red flag laws had been enacted in 17 states and the District of Columbia. Twelve states enacted red flag laws after the shooting at Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on February 14, 2018, left 17 dead. The states of California, Connecticut, Indiana, Oregon, and Washington, had enacted red flag laws prior to 2018. The 17 states and District of Columbia (in red) that had enacted red flag gun violence prevention laws as of August 2019. Creative Commons With only slight variations, all current red flag laws allow family members and law enforcement to petition a state judge to issue ERPOs directing the confiscation of all guns from the individual they believe poses a threat to their safety. In all cases, the petitioner must present evidence of why the gun owner poses a threat to others, as well as to himself or herself. If the ERPO is granted, the named individual’s guns are confiscated and held by police for a set minimum period, after which the gun owner must prove to the court that he or she no longer poses a risk in order to get their firearms back. Here is a list of who is allowed to request the issuance of an ERPO gun removal order in each state: California: Family, household members, and law enforcementColorado: Family, household members, and law enforcementConnecticut: One state attorney or any two police officersDelaware: Family, household members, and law enforcementDistrict of Columbia: Family, household members, mental health professionals, and law enforcementFlorida: Law enforcement onlyHawaii: Family, household members, teachers, medical professionals, coworkers, and law enforcementIllinois: Family, household members, and law enforcementIndiana: Law enforcement onlyMaryland: Family, household members, certain health professionals, and law enforcementMassachusetts: Family, household members, and law enforcementNevada: Family, household members, and law enforcementNew Jersey: Family, household members, and law enforcementNew York: Family, household members, school administrators, and law enforcementOregon: Family, household members, and law enforcementRhode Island: Law enforcement onlyVermont: State attorneys or the off ice of the state attorney general only Washington: Family, household members, and law enforcement As of August 2019, the state legislatures of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina were considering red flag legislation. Federal Red Flag Gun Control Legislation In February 2019, Senator Dianne Feinstein, Democrat of California, introduced the Extreme Risk Protection Order Act (S. 506), which would offer grants to assist states in developing red flag laws and make possessing a firearm in violation of a state red flag law a felony violation of federal firearms law. On August 5, 2019- the day after the El Paso and Dayton shootings- conservative Republican Senator Lindsey Graham stated that he would propose bipartisan legislation to encourage more states to adopt red flag laws. Sources and Further Reference Williams, Timothy (August 6, 2019). What Are Red Flag Gun Laws, and How Do They Work? New York Times.Parker, George F. (2015). Circumstances and Outcomes of a Firearm Seizure Law: Marion County, Indiana, 2006-2013. Behavioral Sciences the LawLaGrone, Katie. (July 30, 2018). More than 450 people in Florida ordered to surrender guns months after gun law took effect. WFTS Tampa Bay.Dezenski, Lauren. Trump backs red flag gun laws. What do they actually do? CNN. (August 5, 2019).Lindsey Graham pushes red flag bill to curb gun violence. Politico. (August 5, 2019).